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Swift is a multi-paradigm, compiled programming language created by Apple Inc. for iOS, OS X, watchOS and tvOS development. Swift is designed to work with Apple's Cocoa and Cocoa Touch frameworks and the large body of existing Objective-C code written for Apple products. Swift is intended to be more resilient to erroneous code ("safer") than Objective-C and also more concise. It is built with the LLVM compiler framework included in Xcode 6 and later and uses the Objective-C runtime, allowing C, Objective-C, C++ and Swift code to run within a single program. Swift supports the core concepts that made Objective-C flexible, notably dynamic dispatch, widespread late binding, extensible programming, and similar features. These features also have well known performance and safety trade-offs, which Swift was designed to address. For safety, Swift introduced a system that helps address common programming errors like null pointers, as well as introducing syntactic sugar to avoid the pyramid of doom that can result. For performance issues, Apple has invested considerable effort in aggressive optimization that can flatten out method calls and accessors to eliminate this overhead. More fundamentally, Swift has added the concept of protocol extensibility, an extensibility system that can be applied to types, structs and classes, Apple promotes this as a real change in programming paradigms they refer to as "protocol-oriented programming". Swift was introduced at Apple's 2014 Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC). It underwent an upgrade to version 1.2 during 2014, and a more major upgrade to Swift 2 at WWDC 2015. Initially a proprietary language, it was announced that Swift 2 would become open source later that year, supporting iOS, OS X and Linux.〔(WWDC 2015 Keynote ) "Swift will be open source later this year, available for iOS, OS X, and Linux."〕 ==History== Development on Swift began in 2010 by Chris Lattner, with the eventual collaboration of many other programmers at Apple. Swift took language ideas "from Objective-C, Rust, Haskell, Ruby, Python, C#, CLU, and far too many others to list".〔 On June 2, 2014, the Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC) application became the first publicly released app written in Swift.〔 A beta version of the programming language was released to registered Apple developers at the conference, but the company did not promise that the final version of Swift would be source-compatible with the test version. Apple planned to make source code converters available if needed for the full release.〔Platforms State of the Union, Session 102, Apple Worldwide Developers Conference, June 2, 2014〕 ''The Swift Programming Language'', a free 500-page manual, was also released at WWDC, and is available on the iBooks Store. Swift reached the 1.0 milestone on September 9, 2014, with the "Gold Master" of Xcode 6.0 for iOS.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Swift Has Reached 1.0 )〕 Swift 1.1 was released on October 22, 2014, alongside the launch of Xcode 6.1.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Xcode 6.1 Release Notes )〕 Swift 1.2 was released on April 8, 2015, in conjunction with Xcode 6.3.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Xcode 6.3 Release Notes )〕 Swift 2.0 was announced at WWDC 2015. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Swift (programming language)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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